This list of links to other web sites with information on or references to organized crime should not be considered exhaustive.
Comprehensive and Reference Sites
| Site | Description |
Extensive number of links to web sites and documents on organized crime, compiled by the Michigan State University library. | |
Comprehensive site, focusing primarily on Italian-American organized crime; includes a chat room, news clippings, featured articles, book reviews, and links to other relevant web sites. | |
Original research on organized crime in the U.S. and Germany by political scientist Klaus von Lampe. | |
| Seize the Night | Biographies, mostly on historical La Cosa Nostra figures |
Comprehensive (unannotated) bibliography but only consists of material up to 2005 | |
Profaca Mario's Cyberspace Station Organized Crime Worldwide | Information on different organized crime genres and activities; links to other sites; search engines on organized crime, including subject word searches, regional searches; photo gallery. |
| Wikipedia entry on "organized crime" | Includes links to numerous other web sites |
| Canadian Encyclopedia entry on "organized crime" | Includes concise but comprehensive general definition and characteristics of organized crime in Canada |
| Le Mafia | An extensive 22-part series on organized crime, focusing on Canada, by Antonio Nicaso |
| United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime | Links to UN reports, resolutions, with links to other web sites; 2010 UNODC report: The Globalization of Crime |
Includes annual reports (providing an overview of the scope and nature of organized crime groups and activities in Canada) as well as other reports on specific issues. | |
| RCMP Criminal Intelligence Reports | Links to RCMP intelligence reports on organized crime issues (Drugs, counterfeiting, smuggling, fraud, auto theft) |
| RCMP "organized crime" web site | Outlines RCMP plans and priorities; includes links to other, mostly Canadian government web sites |
| United Kingdom's Serious Organized Crime Agency | Includes news release from SOCA and descriptions of major organized crime threats |
| National Criminal Justice Reference Service | Comprehensive searchable bibliographic criminal justice databases |
| American Murder | Fiction and non-fiction bibliographies on organized crime |
| FBI Electronic Reading Room | Historical FBI files on crime figures; includes a special section on the "Gangster Era" |
| Organised and Transnational Crime | Links to a number of web sites on organized crime issues, broken down by region. Compiled by the Australian Institute of Criminology |
Academic and Research Organizations
| Site | Description |
| International Association for the Study of Organized Crime | International association dedicated to the study of organized crime. |
Terrorism, Transnational Crime and Corruption Center, George Mason University | Addresses such relevant topics as transnational crime, human trafficking, money laundering, weapons smuggling |
Italian research centre on transnational crime jointly coordinated by Sacred Heart Catholic University (Milan) and the University of Trento. Includes links to the centre's publications. | |
Provides a number of original research and conference papers on organized crime activities, most of them focusing on Australia. | |
Center for Strategic and International Studies, CISS Organized Crime Project | Research and policy centre that assesses transnational threats and makes policy recommendations; information on various task forces of the Center, including Russian organized crime, nuclear black market, Asian organized crime, the global narcotics industry and financial crimes; the Transnational Threats Update, a collection of on-line resources, media articles, interviews, speeches, and Congressional testimony. |
The European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, affiliated with the United Nations (HEUNI) | References to and abstracts of research reports on organized crime that have been commissioned through the Institute. |
South African research and public policy centre on security issues, includes organized crime as one of its research interests. | |
International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy | Official web site of this United Nations-affiliated institute, which contains original research on money laundering, narcotics trafficking, and transnational organized crime enforcement. |
United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute | The Institute carries out international comparative research and strategic projects related to organized crime, touching on such topics as trafficking in people, corruption, the scope of organized crime internationally, international commercial crime, global drug markets, and the role of criminal organizations in crimes against the environment. Includes a world directory of criminological resources |
| Computer Crime Research Center | Includes recent news, center events, and center publications. |
Professional Groups and Associations
| Site | Description |
| Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police | Includes a number of links to information on the CACP, such as committees and functions, policy/position papers, Research foundation, and the Canadian Chief Magazine. |
| International Association of Chiefs of Police | Includes an extensive number of links to information on the IACP, including conferences, training, research projects, legislative activities, professional assistance, committees, etc. |
| World Customs Organization | An international association of national customs agencies, includes information on smuggling enforcement. |
| International Association for the Study of Organized Crime | International association dedicated to the study of organized crime. |
Media Sources on Organized Crime
| Site | Description |
Up-to-date media articles on organized crime, mostly from the United States. | |
| Mafia International.com | Web site dedicated mostly to Italian-American organized crime; includes up-date news stories mostly from the United States. |
Links to major Canadian news stories on organized crime. | |
A weekly Internet magazine dedicated to crime in the United States. Many items on organized crime, including a weekly column by Allan May. | |
| Organizedcrimeabout.com | News stories on organized crime from around the world, focusing on legal trials. Updated on a weekly basis. |
| Links to articles, up-to-date media stories, and other web sites dealing with organized crime and its enforcement | |
| Yahoo | Links to articles, up-to-date media stories, and other web sites dealing with organized crime and its enforcement |
| Wall Street Journal | WSJ articles on organized crime |
| Prime Time Crime | Summaries of headlines dealing with organized crime |
| Canadian federal enforcement agency news releases (Canada) | |
| News Releases (United States) | Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) |
| MobWatcher | Web site by mafia expert Antonio Nicaso, including news, mostly on the Italian mafia |
Electronic Magazines, Journals, Newsletters & Columns
| Site | Description |
| Blue Line | Billed as "Canada's National Law Enforcement Magazine" |
| Canadian Police Chief Magazine | Published by the Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police (click on "Publications") |
| FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin | The official magazine of the FBI. Includes issues dating back to 1989. |
| Jane's Intelligence Review | Articles on a wide array of military, law enforcement, and national security issues. |
| Studies in Intelligence | Journal published by the Center for the Study of Intelligence, exploring the intelligence field in the broadest terms (national security, military, criminal intelligence) |
| The Narco News Bulletin | A critical look at the war on drugs in Latin America |
| Organized Crime and Terrorism Watch (E-newsletter) | With a focus on the former USSR, Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Brought to you by Radio Free Europe |
| Royal Canadian Mounted Police Gazette | Numerous articles on organized crime and its enforcement. |
| United Nations Bulletin on Narcotics | Recent news on the results obtained in the control of narcotic drugs and the struggle against addiction, includes issues dating as far back as 1949. |
| United States, Department of State, International Information Programs | Five different journals published by the State Department: U.S. Foreign Policy Agenda, Economics Perspectives, Issues of Democracy, Global Issues, and U.S. Society Values. Collectively includes a number of articles addressing organized and transnational crime and terrorism. |
| Transnational Threats Update | A periodic newsletter on a number of transnational criminal, national security, and military-related issues published by the Center for Strategic and International Studies, CISS Organized Crime Project |
| Gangland: The Jerry Capeci Page | Web site of the New York Daily News reporter; mainly concerned with articles, columns, and books he has written on the New York Mafia. |
| Jim Kouri | Column by Jim Kouri, Vice President of the National Association of Chiefs of Police. Deals with crime, terrorism and enforcement generally, with some columns dedicated to organized crime |
Aboriginal Organized Crime
| Site | Description |
Overview of aboriginal organized crime in Canada from annual reports by the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada | |
| Communities, Contraband and Conflict | Article exploring the application of restorative justice responses to repairing the harms of smuggling in the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation |
| Aboriginal Organized Crime in Canada: | Aboriginal Organized Crime in Canada: Developing a Typology for Understanding and Strategizing Responses Report by R.J. Dickson-Gilmore and Chris Whitehead |
| Aboriginal-based Gangs in Saskatchewan | 2005 report by the Criminal Intelligence Service of Saskatchewan |
| First Nations and Organized Crime | Executive summary of a RCMP report. The full report is available upon request. |
| Site | Description |
| Kosovo "Freedom Fighters" Financed By Organised Crime | 1999 article by University of Ottawa professor Michel Chossudovsky, examining connections between the KLA and organized crime groups. |
| The Growth of Albanian Criminal Activity | Gus Xhudo. (1996) "Men Of Purpose: The Growth Of Albanian Criminal Activity." Transnational Organized Crime. 2(1). Spring: 1-20 |
| Albanian Organized Crime Groups | Congressional Statement of Ralf Mutshke Assistant Director, Criminal Intelligence Directorate International Criminal Police Organization - Interpol General Secretariat, courtesy of the American Russian Law Institute |
| An outlook of organized crime in southern Balkans | By Ioannis Michaletos, International Security Research & Intelligence Agency, dated February 3 2007 |
Asian Organized Crime
| Site | Description |
Asian-Based Organized Crime in Canada 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 | Provides an overview of Asian organized crime in Canada from the annual reports of the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada. |
Bibliography on Chinese and other Asian criminal organizations compiled by Binh P. Le, Pennsylvania State University. | |
| International Association of Asian Crime Investigators | Official web site of Association organized for members of the criminal justice community and designed to promote greater awareness and effectiveness in combating Asian criminality worldwide |
| Gangs and the Korean Community | Article by Dae-Gun Kim, providing an overview of Korean gangs in the U.S. |
| New Ganglord Rises in Bombay | Undated article exploring organized crime in Bombay, India. |
| The Opium Kings | Various stories on the production and trafficking of opium and heroin from PBS. |
| Asian Organized Crime And Terrorist Activity In Canada, 1999-2002 | 2003 report by Neil S. Helfand, Federal Research Division, Liibrary of Congress |
Chinese Organized Crime
| Site | Description |
Links to various articles, books (for sale), and sites on Chinese Triads. | |
| Chinese Transnational Organized Crime: The Fuk Ching | Paper by Dr. James O. Finckenauer, Director of the International Center at the U.S. National Institute of Justice which briefly examines the Fuk Ching gang of New York. |
| Chinese Organized Crime In Western And Eastern Europe | 2002 paper presented by Professor Emil W. Plywaczewski, University of Bialystok, Poland |
| Bibliography | Selected readings on Chinese triads |
| Chinese Criminal Enterprises | Excerpt from "Asian Criminal Enterprise Program Overview: A Study of Current FBI Asian Criminal Enterprise Investigations in the United States" by By Ning-Ning Mahlmann, Asian Criminal Enterprise Unit, FBI |
| The Illuminated Lantern | Good summary of Chinese triads |
| Transnational Activities of Chinese Crime Organizations | A Report Prepared by the Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, April 2003 |
| Able2know.com: Chinese Triads | Discussion forum on ethnic Chinese organized crime. Posts relate to history, common misperceptions, current events. |
Japanese Organized Crime
| Site | Description |
Links to sites with articles and book references on Japanese organized crime from the Organized Crime Registry. | |
Paper by student Adam Johnson detailing the history of the Yakuza. | |
Article explaining the Yakuza, including history, structure, and the significance of rituals, such as tattoos and self-mutilation. | |
| The Yakuza | Extensive examination of Japanese organized crime by Anthony Bruno |
Vietnamese Organized Crime
| Site | Description |
| The Dragon and the Lion | Vietnamese organized crime in the Czech Republic |
Hispanic Organized Crime
| Site | Description |
| The Colombian Cartels | Series of articles adapted from the PBS program "Frontline" |
| Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria | Biography on the infamous (and deceased) leader of the Medellin cartel |
Links to various media articles on Mexican drug cartels | |
| The Cali Cartel | Overview of the Colombian cocaine trafficking network |
Analysis of the Cali Cartel from a marketing perspective by business student Matthew Kwan | |
Christian Science Monitor article examining of Mexico's powerful Juárez drug trafficking group | |
| The Mexican Heroin Trade | Report by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration |
| Drug Trafficking in Mexico | Research paper by LuÃs Astorga |
| Mexican heroin on the rise in U.S. | Article from the Washington Post |
| The Fall of the Cali Cartel | Article by Ron Chepesiuk for crimemagazine.com |
Italian Organized Crime
| Site | Description |
| Mafia / Organized Crime Chronology | Comprehensive chronology of Italian-American organized crime (in point form). This site also includes articles, biographies, web links, a discussion group, and a book store. |
| MobMagazine | Extensive information on Italian organized crime throughout the United States, broken down by city. Includes anthologies, a bibliography, quotes, film and book references, links to other sites, and feature stories. |
Traditional Organized Crime in Canada 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 | Overview of Italian organized crime in Canada from annual reports of the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada. |
Information on Italian-American organized crime families. Includes biographies, recent events, headlines, and links to other sites. | |
The Italian Mafia in New York City. | |
The Mafia in America: Traditional Organized Crime in Transition | Article on Italian-American Organized Crime by Richard Lindberg, including current and historical information on major Mafia families in the United States. |
| Mafia International.com | Web site dedicated mostly to Italian-American organized crime. |
| The Montreal Mafia | Biographies of leading members of the Cotroni Family. |
Web site dedicated to the Italian Mafia and its global reach. Includes discussion group, bibliography, and links (mostly in Italian). | |
| The Frank and Fritzy Show | Transcripts of wire tap recordings of two New York gangsters. |
| Al Capone Museum | A nostalgic pictorial dedicated to Alphonse Capone. |
| Chicago "Outfit" Organizational Chart | Courtesy of The Laborers Network |
| MobWatcher | Web site by mafia expert Antonio Nicaso |
Nigerian Organized Crime
| Site | Description |
Extensive information on Nigerian advance fee fraud schemes; includes links to media clippings, U.S. government reports, congressional testimony, and law enforcement contacts. | |
Jonathan Winer, Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs. Statement before the Subcommittee on Africa of the House International Relations Committee, Washington, DC, September 11, 1996. Outlines the Nigerian crime "threat" and U.S. enforcement strategies. | |
Hearing Before The Subcommittee on Africa of The Committee On International Relations House Of Representatives. Examines organized crime in West Africa and its impact on the United States. | |
| Nigerian Schemes, Scams, Frauds | Overview of Nigerian-based organized fraud schemes, including examples of letters and proposals for advance fee fraud. |
| Useful information on advance fee fraud | Web site includes Samples of Nigerian Advance Fee Fraud letters |
Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs
| Site | Description |
Outlaw motorcycle gangs in Canada 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 | Overview of the Hell's Angels and other biker groups in Canada from recent annual reports of the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada. |
| BikerTee.com | Links to web sites of One Percenter motorcycle clubs all over the world |
| Bandidos MC Nation | Links to Bandido chapters in North America, Australia, and Europe |
Home page of the Outlaws Motorcycle Club. | |
| Hells Angels World | Web site of Hells Angels MC World, includes links to chapters |
| Big Red Machine | Marketing arm of the Hells Angels |
| Hells Angels Western Canadian Chapters | Links to chapters of the Hells Angels located in B.C., Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba |
| Outlaw Biker Hotline | The Criminal Intelligence Service Canada operates a toll free-line where people can anonymously report outlaw biker activity. |
| CNews Biker Battles | Series of current and archived articles on outlaw motorcycle gangs in Canada, provided by Canoe.ca |
| The Road to Hell | Brief overview of the Hells Angels in Quebec, adapted from CBC news program, The Fifth Estate. |
| Royal Canadian Mounted Police Gazette | Two editions of the RCMP's national magazine dedicated to outlaw motorcycle gangs: 1999 & 2002 |
| by Sergeant Steve Tretheway Arizona Department of Public Safety and Lieutenant Terry Katz Criminal Intelligence Division, Maryland State Police |
Russian/Eastern Europe Organized Crime
| Site | Description |
Transnational Crime and Corruption Center, American University | A research institute which focuses on Russian organized crime. Includes an on-line discussion group, and links to research and publications on post-Soviet organized crime and corruption. Includes the newsletter entitled Organized Crime Watch |
A project, dedicated to BRATVA, the Russian Mafia. Most of the site is in Russian. | |
East European-based organized crime in Canada 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 | Overview of Eastern European organized crime in Canada and internationally from annual reports of the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada. |
Center for Strategic and International Studies, Organized Crime Project. 1997 report on Russian organized crime and its impact on the United States. | |
| Organized Crime Outlook in the New Russia | 2001 Overview of organized crime in Russia by Richard Lindberg and Vesna Markovic. |
| The Most Dangerous Mobster in the World. | 1998 article from the Village Voice examining alleged Russian mobster Semion Mogilevich. |
| The Red Mafia | Profile of various Russian leading gangsters |
| Mafia Power Play | Series of articles on the extortion of Russian National Hockey League players by Russian gangsters |
| The Russian Mafia in Latin America and the Caribbean | 2001 article exploring the impact of transnational organized crime on weak nation-states. |
| Crime and Corruption Watch | Reporting on organized crime and corruption in the former Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and the Middle East. |
| Russian Organized Crime, Trafficking in Women, and the Government's Response | An article on why and how Russian organized crime syndicates are involved in the trafficking of women and children, by PMC International (Police Management Consultants) |
Youth Gangs
| Site | Description |
Extensive collection of links to web sites and documents on youth gangs. | |
| National Youth Gang Center | Official web site of the U.S. National Youth Gang Center, which includes research findings, serial publications, and links to web sites on American enforcement programs and legislation. |
| Streetgangs.com | Comprehensive look at American street gangs, including recent media articles. |
| National Alliance of Gang Investigators Associations | American Association; includes a number of links to other web sites dealing with youth/street gangs. |
| Annual report of the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada 2003 2004 | Brief articles exploring "street gangs" from the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada |
| Aboriginal gangs in Saskatchewan | 2005 report by the Criminal Intelligence Service Saskatchewan |
| Aboriginal Gangs in Prairie Provinces in "Crisis Proportions" | Article by By Lloyd Dolha on the First Nations Drum web site |
| Youth gangs in rural America | Article for July 2004 issue of National Institute of Justice Journal by Ralph A. Weisheit and L. Edward Wells |
| Highlights of the 2002 National Youth Gang Survey | 2004 publication by Arlen Egley and Aline K. Major. |
| North American Transnational Youth Gangs: Breaking the Chain of Violence | "Backgrounder" by Stephen Johnson and David B. Muhlhausen from the Heritage Foundation |
Organized Auto Theft
| Site | Description |
| Organized Crime and Automobile Theft | 1998 Report prepared by the Criminal Analysis Branch of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police |
| Interpol | Includes information on Interpol's role in combating international auto theft. |
Corruption
| Site | Description |
| U.S. Department of Commerce, Anti-Corruption Review | Tracks U.S. and international anti-corruption initiatives. |
| U.S. State Department, State Anti-Corruption Site | Information on U.S. efforts to fight international corruption, includes a number of links to other international agencies; proceedings from conferences |
| Global Forum on Fighting Corruption | U.S. policy statements, reports and other documents on global anticorruption efforts and materials, including proceedings from global conferences. |
A collection of links on politics and political corruption in relation to financial scandals compiled by Roy Davies | |
A non-governmental organization dedicated to increasing government accountability and curbing both international and national corruption. | |
This Center compiles an index that assesses a country's "integrity performance." Includes press clippings, research findings, and searchable database on books, press clippings and other organizations . | |
Outlines initiatives that revolve around the OECD Convention to combat bribery. | |
| The World Bank Governance and Anti-Corruption Division | This agency facilitates action-oriented and participatory programs to promote good governance and curb corruption in its client countries. Web site includes Anti-Corruption Knowledge Center. |
A Latin American accountability/anti-corruption project. | |
| Anti-Corruption Network | An electronic information system through which individuals and agencies interested in the prevention and fight against corruption in the Americas interact. |
| Council of European Group of States Against Corruption | Evaluates the compliance with undertakings contained in the legal instruments of the Council of Europe to fighting against corruption |
| Anti-Corruption Gateway for Europe and Eurasia | Web site offers primary materials, including legislation, international agreements, media reports, research, and links to information sources for anti-corruption practitioners and analysts in Eastern Europe. |
| Impact on Canada of Corrupt Foreign Officials in Other Countries. | Report prepared in 2000 and submitted to the Canadian Federal Transnational Crime Working Group. |
A Global Forum on Fighting Corruption: Safeguarding Integrity Among Justice and Security Officials | Hosted by Former Vice President Al Gore in Washington, DC, February 24-26, 1999, Final Conference Report released July/August 1999. |
| Corruption Bibliography | A bibliography of library and web resources, which focuses on corruption in post-Communist societies of Central Europe and the former Soviet Union. |
| International Measurement of Corruption in Transitional Economies | Joel S. Hellman et al. (2000). Measuring Governance, Corruption, and State Capture: How Firms and Bureaucrats Shape the Business Environment in Transition Economies. The World Bank Institute & European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. |
Drug Trafficking
| Site | Description | |
| United Nations World Drug Report | This report by the UN Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention describes the extent and development of drug trafficking and use internationally, including international enforcement efforts. | |
| Global Illicit Drug Trends | First released in 1999, this report is now prepared annually by the Research Section of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme | |
| United Nations Bulletin on Narcotics | Recent news on the results obtained in the control of narcotic drugs and the struggle against addiction, includes issues dating as far back as 1949 | |
| National Drug Threat Assessments for the U.S. | Produced by the National Drug Intelligence Center | |
| United States-Canada Border Drug Threat Assessment | A threat assessment of drug smuggling and trafficking across the Canada-United States border. | |
| The Global Drugs Trade | A special report by BBC News Online and BBC World Service. | |
| The Narco News Bulletin | "Reporting on the drug war and democracy from Latin America" | |
The DEA is the lead federal agency in enforcing U.S. narcotics laws. This site contains extensive information on narcotics production, smuggling, trafficking groups, and statistics. See also: Drug Trafficking in the United States | ||
A comprehensive overview of narcotics trafficking worldwide; outlines US enforcement efforts. Report issued by The Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (U.S. State Department). | ||
| DEA Intelligence Reports | Intelligence reports on a number of drug production and trafficking issues from the United States Drug Enforcement Administration. | |
| Drug Trafficking in the U.S. | 2001 overview report by the Drug Enforcement Administration | |
| Narcotics Fact Sheet | Fact sheet on various topics dealing with Cocaine production, trafficking, and enforcement in the Andean Region. Produced by the U.S. State Department. | |
| Major Drug Traffickers | Overview by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration | |
| United States Office of National Drug Control Policy | Official web site of the ONDCP. | |
| National Drug Strategy Network | Extensive information on a number of relevant topics including news briefs, drug law enforcement, drug treatment help, drug prevention methods, drugs and crime data, and drug policy reform. | |
Various articles on drug smuggling from a number of media sources. | ||
| Streetdrugs.com | Extensive information on numerous issues dealing with the availability and use of drugs, particularly by youth | |
| Drugs and Crime Facts | U.S. Department of Justice web site with information on various issues related to drug trafficking, use, and enforcement (includes bibliography) | |
America's Habit. Drug Abuse, Drug Trafficking, & Organized Crime | President's Commission on Organized Crime (1986). Chapter 3: "Drug Trafficking and Organized Crime", courtesy of the Schaffer Library of Drug Policy. | |
| The Drug Library | Billing itself as the "world's lagest online library of drug policy", this site, presented by the Drug Reform Coordination Network, is largely dedicated to critiquing the so-called war on drugs. | |
The Illicit Drug Trade in Canada | Overview of organized crime and drug trafficking in Canada from annual reports of the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada. | |
| Web page of the RCMP, includes overview of drug trafficking and RCMP drug enforcement in Canada, links to intelligence reports | ||
| RCMP "Drug Situation" Reports | Annual reports describing drug importation, cultivation, trafficking in Canada | |
| Canada's Drug Strategy | Official web site of Canada's Drug Strategy. | |
| Illicit Drugs: The Canadian Government's Role Chapter 11 of the 2001 Auditor Genera's Report | Auditor General's Report critiquing Canada's Drug Strategy | |
| International Drug Control Programme | Official web site of the United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention | |
| The Drug Wars | Various stories on international drug trafficking and enforcement from the PBS news program "Frontline." | |
| Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission | Official web site of Organization of American States' Commission | |
| Drug Policy Alliance | "Drug Policy Alliance is the nation's leading organization working to end the war on drugs and promote new drug policies based on science, compassion, health and human rights." | |
| Drugscope | British organization dedicated to research on drug-related issues. | |
| Obsertatoire Géopolitique des Drogues | French organization dedicated to monitoring the global drug trade. | |
| Australian National Illicit Drugs Strategy | National strategy on drugs launched by the Australian Government in 1997. | |
| Drugwar.com | Extensive information critically analyzing drug trafficking, consumption, and enforcement in the United States and throughout the world. | |
| Hemp BC | Web site advocating the legalization of marijuana. Includes numerous up-to-date articles on various issues relating to drug use and enforcement. | |
| Psychoactive Plants | A description of the psychoactive properties of plants, such as opium, cannabis, coca leaves, and tobacco. | |
| Common Drugs | A brief description of the major consumer drugs, including synthetic drugs such as LSD, Ecstacy, and Methamphetamine | |
| Estimation of Heroin Availability, 1996-2000 | Prepared by the Executive Office of the President Office of National Drug Control Policy | |
| History of Cannabis in Canada | Brought to you by HackCanada.com | |
| History of Heroin in Canada | Brought to you by HempBC.Com | |
Drug Use Research and Statistics
| Site | Description |
| Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration | Web site of U.S. Federal agency, includes latest Drug Abuse Statistics for the United States. |
| Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse | Web site of CCSA, includes research, reports and database on illegal drug use in Canada. Includes 2004 Canadian Addiction Survey |
| Centre for Addiction and Mental Health | Web site of the Canadian national research centre for addictions. |
| Trends in drug offences and the role of alcohol and drugs in crime (for 2002) | Summary of statistics presented by Statistics Canada |
| Use of cannabis and other illicit drugs In Canada | Research paper by Michael Tjepkema published in 2004 and based on Canadian Community Health Survey statistics |
Canada's Marijuana Industry
| Site | Description |
| The Green Tide: Indoor Marijuana Cultivation and its Impact on Ontario | Report released in 2003 by the Ontario Association of Chiefs of Police |
Marihuana Growing Operations in British Columbia: An Empirical Survey | A pair of studies prepared by the University College of the Fraser Valley that involved a survey of police cases from British Columbia. |
| Cannabis: Our Position for a Canadian Public Policy | Report from the Canadian Senate |
| Operations Greensweep I & II | Overview of a nation-wide series of raids targeting marijuana grow-ops; from 2002 Annual Report of the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada. |
| BC Bud: Growth of the Canadian Marijuana Trade | December, 2000 intelligence brief by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration |
| Cannabis Culture Magazine | One of the leading proponents of legalization; excellent source of news stories and opinions |
| Marijuana Growth In British Columbia | 2004 report by Simon Fraser University economist Stephen Easton estimating size, and potential tax revenue of the B.C. pot industry |
| Community Impact Assessment of a Marijuana Grow Operation | Conducted by the Organized Crime Agency of British Columbia (click on "Publications") |
| Marihuana Cultivation in Canada: Evolution and Current Trends - November 2002 | 2002 Report prepared by the Criminal Intelligence Directorate of the RCMP |
| Marihuana in British Columbia | A series of reports from the International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy |
Economic Crime
Counterfeiting
| Site | Description |
Counterfeiting in Canada 1998 | Overview of currency counterfeiting in Canada from annual reports of the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada. |
| RCMP | Information on currency counterfeiting and payment card counterfeiting |
| Business Software Alliance | Official web site of the BSA, which is an association of software developers. This site includes a number of resources dedicated to software piracy, including results from the latest global piracy survey. |
| Canadian Alliance Against Software Theft | Official web site of CAAST; includes latest national survey on software piracy, anti-piracy resources, and toll-free number to report software piracy. |
The Anti-Counterfeiting Group is a British trade association. This web site provides information on the nature, scope and impact of product counterfeiting; includes press releases issued by the Group. | |
International Chamber of Commerce, Counterfeiting Intelligence Bureau | The CIB was formed in 1985 as a resource for industries exposed to counterfeiting worldwide. This web site provides an of the CIB and lists publications for sale. |
| Alliance Against Counterfeiting and Piracy | Official web site of British private sector association; includes news clippings, current legislation, media releases, links to Alliance members, and research on costs of counterfeiting to Britain. |
U.S. Treasury Department Program Against Digital Counterfeiting of Currency | Summarizes the Treasury Department's recent efforts to combat sophisticated currency counterfeiting. |
| History of Counterfeiting | A brief article brought to you by the United States Secret Service |
| Gieschen Consultancy | Web site of a private sector firm that provides monthly statistics on counterfeiting worldwide. |
Fraud
| Site | Description |
| White collar crime: An Overview | Good overview of legal definitions of white collar crime, including various criminal offences that fall within this omnibus term. Courtesy of Cornell University, Legal Information Institute |
| Association of Fraud Examiners, 2002 Annual Report | Estimates the scope and impact of fraud in the U.S., including prevention and enforcement efforts |
Home page of the Association. Includes information and statistics on fraud, media stories on fraud, risk management, information and data security; free newsletter. | |
| Crimes of Persuasion | Web site dedicated to providing information on the workings and scope of fraud. Includes information on a vast array of fraud types. |
Information on various types of commercial crime, including consumer and business fraud, telemarketing fraud, computer crimes, counterfeiting, and theft of telecommunications services. Includes information on the latest fraud scams. | |
| Fraudbureau.com | A service to alert online consumers and investors of prior complaints relating to online vendors, and to provide consumers, investors and users with information and news on how to safely surf, shop and invest on the Internet. |
The Influence of Criminal Organizations in Banking and Finance | Links to a number of web sites dealing with organized crime generally and the infiltration of criminal organizations in banking and finance specifically. |
| Internet Fraud Complaint Center | The Federal Bureau of Investigation and the National White Collar Crime Center jointly operate the IFCC, which provides a mechanism for victims of Internet fraud to file a report through the Internet. |
The National Consumers League provides information for consumers on fraud. Includes information on various consumer and business fraud scams. They also operate a toll-free line and provide an On-line Incident Report Form to report telemarketing and Internet fraud in the United States and Canada. | |
Overview of the Enforcement Division of the SEC, including enforcement actions, investor alerts, trading suspensions, Internet Enforcement Program, and the SEC Complaint Centre. | |
| Canadian Credit Card Fraud Statistics | Provides a statistical overview of credit card fraud in Canada for 1999/2000. Provided by the Canadian Bankers Association. |
| Financial Institution Fraud | 2000 Report prepared by the FBI, Financial Crimes Section |
| National Check Fraud Center | Web site offering assistance, information, and alerts regarding counterfeit checks, forgery, check fraud, bank fraud and other forms of white collar crimes. Includes an on-line reporting mechanism |
| Identity Fraud | Tips on how to avoid having your "identity" stolen, from the Privacy Commissioner of Canada. |
| Identity Theft, 2004 | Presents data on identity theft victimization and its impact from the U.S. National Crime Victimization Survey. |
| Scams and Swindles | Links to media articles, mostly dealing with white collar crime. |
| Fraud-Report.org | A non-profit organization for consumers and law enforcement authorities including latest fraud alerts, fraud statistics, prevention tips, and on-line fraud reporting. |
| Federal Trade Commission | Offers consumer fraud information from a variety of U.S. law enforcement and regulatory agencies. Includes information on telemarketing, identity, internet, and credit card fraud. |
| Phone Busters | Official web site of the Ontario Provincial Police operation that targets deceitful telemarketing. This web site includes information on latest telemarketing frauds, statistics, tips on detecting fraud, and a toll-free line to report deceitful telemarketing in Canada or the United States. |
| Professionals Against Confidence Crime | An International Organization of Law Enforcement Professionals, includes articles, web links, quotations, events calender |
| FraudTech | Web site set up by retired American police officer, includes information on different scams, prevention measures, news, more |
| Fraud Alert | Web site of the London Metropolitan police; includes information on a wide variety of frauds |
Environmental Crimes
| Site | Description |
International convention governing endangered species, including the smuggling of, and trafficking, in wildlife. | |
Web site of the U.S. EPA, includes information on environmental laws and regulations in the United States. | |
An overview of environmental law enforcement in Canada by Environment Canada. | |
A multi-agency body comprising representatives of all the organizations involved in wildlife law enforcement in the UK. | |
Outlines the design of a proposed exploratory study into the involvement of criminal organizations in crimes against the environment by the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute. | |
Touches on a number of issues, including poaching and hazardous waste dumping. Includes links to a number of other relevant sites. | |
The Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) is an independent, international organization committed to investigating and exposing environmental crime. This web site contains full text of all EIA reports, and news and updates on campaigns. |
Gambling
| Site | Description |
| Illegal Gambling in Canada 1999 2000 | Overview of the role of organized crime in illegal gambling in Canada, from annual reports by the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada |
| GamblingMagazine.com | Includes a number of recent and archived articles about the role of organized crime in legal and illegal gambling. |
Labour Racketeering
| Site | Description |
| The Labourers.net | Includes numerous articles dealing with labour racketeering and corruption in the U.S. Includes: draft RICO complaint against the Laborers Union; some examples of indictments related to labour racketeering and other organized crime activities, as well as court decisions |
Organized Crime And The Labor Unions. Prepared For The White House In 1978 | The information in this report comes from the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Department of Labor. |
The Cosa Nostra And Labor Racketeering | Detailed information of the influence of Italian-American organized crime on labour unions in the United States. Includes different types of influence, fraud, a dictionary of terms, and relevant laws. |
A number of documents dealing with corruption and organized crime influence within the Laborers International Union of North America; includes government reports, court documents, and media articles. |
| Site | Description |
| Loan sharks in Tokyo | Article from Casinoman.net |
Money Laundering
General Overview and Reference
| Site | Description |
| Yahoo | Links to articles, up-to-date media stories, and other web sites dealing with money laundering and its enforcement. |
| Inner City Press, Finance Watch | Includes running news updates and commentary on the financial aspects of terrorism, including fund raising and money laundering. |
| University of Exeter | A very comprehensive site on money laundering, providing definitions and descriptions, examining its history, outlining its processes and techniques, enforcement, etc. |
Contains information on money laundering issues, including history, definitions and descriptions, prevention, detection and enforcement, legislation, vulnerable industries, and international enforcement initiatives. | |
Links to other web sites on money laundering, compiled by Roy Davies. | |
| Money Laundering in the 21st Century: Risks and Countermeasures | This edited volume of papers from the Australian Institute of Criminology explores a number of contemporary issues regarding money laundering and its enforcement. |
Includes annual reports of the FATF on money laundering as well as reports on trends and techniques in money laundering globally. | |
| Caribbean Financial Action Task Force | Includes reports on money laundering techniques in the Caribbean. |
Annual reports by the U.S. State Department, The Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs. Includes information on money laundering in about 200 countries and territories around the world. | |
IMoLIN is an Internet-based network dedicated to the fight against money laundering. Included are links to other relevant international bodies, a bibliography, a database on legislation throughout the world, an electronic library, a calendar of events, and a news forum. | |
| "The Fight Against Money Laundering." | A series of articles, commentary, facts and figures, and links to additional resources on the issue of money laundering. From Economic Perspectives: An electronic journal of the U.S. State Department. |
Subscription-based newsletter dedicated to addressing money laundering. | |
Money Laundering in the 21st Century: Risks and Countermeasures | A collection of papers from a 1996 conference detailing, trends, current enforcement efforts, and impact of money laundering on commerce from the Australian Institute of Criminology. |
Estimates of the Extent of Money Laundering in and Throughout Australia | Prepared for the Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre (AUSTRAC) by John Walker Consulting Services, September 1995. |
Methodology for estimating the scope of money laundering and the findings from the application of this methodology on a number of countries by John Walker. | |
| Money Laundering | 2001 article by Nigel Morris-Cotterill, editor of World Money Laundering Report. |
| Report on Cyber-Crime and Money Laundering | This paper examines the potential and real risks of e-business related to cyber-crime and money laundering. |
| The End of Ordinary Money Part I Part II | Article by J. Orlin Grabbe examining money laundering, the futures market, electronic transfers, and cryptology. |
| Correspondent Banking: A Gateway for Money Laundering | Report from the U.S. Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations examines the vulnerability of private banking to money laundering. |
| Financing of terrorist and terrorist acts and related money laundering | Powerpoint presentation by the Terrorist Financing Operations Section of the FBI |
| U.S. State Department | Web page presented by the U.S. Department of State on money laundering issues |
| FBI Money Laundering Unit | A brief overview of the federal enforcement agency's proceeds of crime enforcement unit |
Money Laundering Enforcement
| Site | Description |
| Money laundering enforcement | Brief overview of money laundering enforcement in Canada and U.S. |
The FATF was established by the G-7 in 1989 to examine measures to combat money laundering. The FATF has issued 40 recommendations to provide a blueprint for action by countries to combat money laundering. | |
| Caribbean Financial Action Task Force | Multi-national organization, similar to the FATF, dedicated to fighting money laundering in the Caribbean. |
Official web site of FinCEN, a U.S. Treasury Department agency mandated to support domestic and international anti-money laundering efforts through information collection, analysis and sharing, and technological assistance. | |
AUSTRAC is Australia's anti-money laundering regulator and specialist financial intelligence unit. | |
| Financial Transaction Reporting and Analysis Agency of Canada | FINTRAC is Canada's anti-money laundering regulator and specialist financial intelligence unit. |
| Association of Certified Money Laundering Specialists | Association dedicated to advancing the knowledge, skills and experience of those involved in detecting and preventing money laundering, and to promote the development and implementation of sound anti-money laundering policies and procedures. |
U.S. Departments of Treasury and Finance 1999 Money Laundering Strategy | Lays out a comprehensive strategy by the United States Government to combat money laundering domestically and internationally. |
The GPML is a research and technical assistance program implemented by the UN Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention. Its aim is to increase the effectiveness of international action against money laundering through technical cooperation services offered to Governments. | |
Provides information on various anti-money laundering initiatives undertaken by the Organization of American States. Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission. | |
| Civil Forfeiture in Australia | Links to various federal and state civil forfeiture legislation in Australia. |
| Follow The Money Methods In Crime Control Policy | An overview and critique of dominant money laundering laws by Professor Tom Naylor of McGill University. |
| Enhancing Contributions To Combating Money Laundering: Policy Paper | Outlines the roles played by the IMF and World Bank in combating money laundering and financial crime, and in protecting the international financial system. |
Money Laundering Prevention by the Private Sector
| Site | Description |
| A Preventive Guide for Small Business & Currency Exchanges in Canada | Guidelines developed by the RCMP and Better Business Bureau to assist the private sector in combating money laundering. |
| The Money Laundering Compliance Site | Web site by Silkscreen Publishing providing general information on money laundering as well as compliance support. |
This March 1994 technical release, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants, explains the current state of laws in the United Kingdom in relation to money laundering, including reporting suspicious transactions to the appropriate authorities. | |
Guidelines issued by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions to banks in Canada to prevent money laundering. | |
A guide prepared by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency to help banks prevent and detect money laundering. | |
| International Compliance Association | Association representing consultants specializing in anti-money laundering services |
| Critique of a Compliance-Driven Enforcement Strategy: Money Laundering and the Financial Sector | Paper prepared by Margaret Beare for Transparency International Canada's Symposium on "Corruption, Money Laundering and the Role of Financial Institutions" and Fourth Annual General Meeting. |
| Bill C-22: Money laundering (Proceeds of Crime) Act | New legislation in Canada that will require financial institutions to report suspected money laundering. |
Bill C-22: Guide For Lawyers | Prepared by the Lawyers’ Professional Indemnity Company, this web site provides extensive information pertaining to lawyers' obligations under new money laundering legislation in Canada. |
| Consumer Privacy Implications of Bill C-22: | This report by the Public Interest Advocacy Centre examines the proposed Canadian legislation to combat money laundering from a consumer privacy perspective. |
Smuggling and Contraband Markets
Smuggling in General
| Site | Description |
Overview of contraband smuggling into Canada, from annual reports by the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada. | |
| World Customs Organization | Association of Government customs agencies |
Smuggling of and Trafficking in Arms and Nuclear Materials
| Site | Description |
International Traffic in Small Arms: An Australian Perspective | This 1999 paper by Jenny Mouzos highlights international strategies aimed at curbing the proliferation of firearms in Australia. |
This 1999 article by Peter Lock explores options to combat the illegal traffic in small arms. | |
Overview of arms smuggling and trafficking in Canada, from annual reports by the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada. |
Cigarette Smuggling
| Site | Description |
A number of articles and documents compiled by Healthwatcher detailing cigarette smuggling throughout the world. | |
| Tobacco smuggling | Generic overview of tobacco smuggling, including causes, types of smuggling, large-scale organized smuggling and the role of the tobacco industry provided by the Tobacco Control Resource Center. |
Australian Parliament Warned On Tobacco Smuggling-Crime Link | Article published on the web site of the Centre for Public Integrity, includes links to other sites with information alleging tobacco company connections to smuggling |
| Cigarette Smuggling in Germany | A case study of contraband cigarette trafficking by Dr. Klaus von Lampe and Dr. Ulrich Eisenberg. |
| Cigarette Smuggling into Canada 1999 2000 2001 2003 | Overview of cigarette smuggling and contraband markets in Canada, from annual reports by the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada. |
Government of Canada Launches Legal Action in Major Tobacco Smuggling Operation | Details of a lawsuit filed by the Canadian Government against RJR-Macdonald Inc. and the Canadian Tobacco Manufacturers Council alleging their complicity in tobacco smuggling. |
| Tax and Smuggling | Extensive information and evidence on the alleged involvement of the tobacco industry in Canada and abroad in cigarette smuggling, provided by the Non-Smokers Rights Association. |
Migrant Smuggling/Trafficking in People
| Site | Description |
Web page set up by the United States Department of State with extensive information. Includes original articles, reports, fact sheets, and links to U.S. and international initiatives and organizations. See also: Trafficking in Persons Reports | |
| International Organization for Migration | International NGO dealing with (illegal) migration; web site includes current and past issues of the Trafficking in Migrants Quarterly Bulletin. |
Smuggling and Trafficking in Human Beings | The web site of the Australian Institute of Criminology contains a number of articles on the smuggling and trafficking in people |
Amy O'Neill. (1999). International Trafficking in Women to the United States: a Contemporary Manifestation of Slavery. Washington DC: Central Intelligence Agency, Center for the Study of Intelligence. | |
United Nations Global Programme Against Trafficking In Human Beings | This proposed research program by the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) involves assessing trends in immigrant smuggling and best practices in enforcement. |
| humantrafficking.com | Research and training information on this form of "modern-day slavery" by the PolarisProject |
| 2002 Report | Trafficking in Persons Report, prepared by the U.S. State Department |
| Trafficking in Women in the United Kingdom | Liz Kelly and Linda Regan. 2000. Stopping Traffic: Exploring the Extent of, and Responses to, Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation in the UK. London: Home Office. Police Research Series Paper 125. |
| Transnational Crime and Corruption Centre, American University | The Centre's web site includes a number of articles and references to human trafficking. |
| United Nations | Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Air and Sea, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. New York United Nations (2000). |
| Trafficking in Misery: Human Migrant Smuggling and Organized Crime | 2001 article by Lenore Richards focusing on the smuggling of Chinese nationals, from the RCMP Gazette |
| Literature Review | Trafficking In Human Beings and Organized Crime: A Literature Review by Christine Bruckert, Ph.D. (2002) |
| Justice Canada | General information on "trafficking in persons" including definitions, frequently asked questions, Canadian Interdepartmental Working Group on Trafficking in Persons, publications, and links to other relevant sites. |
| Coalition Against Trafficking in Women | Includes a number of research papers and articles on this subject. |
Smuggling and Trafficking in Wildlife
| Site | Description |
Extensive, albeit vitriolic, collection of stories on wildlife smuggling, with emphasis on Australia | |
International convention governing endangered species, including the smuggling of, and trafficking, in wildlife. | |
An overview of environmental law enforcement in Canada by Environment Canada. | |
| The Trade in Drugs and Wildlife by Adam M. Roberts | Brief overview of wildlife trafficking. |
Organized Crime at Marine Ports
| Site | Description |
| Organized Crime at Marine Ports in Canada 2003 2004 | From the the annual reports of the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada |
Smuggling Enforcement
| Site | Description |
Outlines an innovative multi-agency approach to combating contraband smuggling in Canada. | |
| An overview of specialized enforcement along the U.S.-Mexican border. | |
Web site of the Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor, which is mandated to combat criminal activity at the Port of New York-New Jersey. | |
This web site includes information on a program which involves partnerships between national customs administrations and trade associations to combat international smuggling. | |
Web site of the lead federal enforcement agency in combating smuggling into the United States. | |
Web site of the lead enforcement agency in combating smuggling into the United Kingdom. | |
| Canada / U.S. Integrated Border Enforcement Teams | A brief overview of joint force enforcement units made up of US and Canadian law enforcement personnel combating smuggling across the boder |
Technology and Crime
| Site | Description |
Research paper by Peter Grabosky, Director of the Australian Institute of Criminology, which provides an overview of computer-related crime. | |
| Cybercrime.gov | Web site of the Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section of the U.S. Department of Justice. Includes extensive information on hacking, intellectual property crime, and “cybercrime.” |
Overview of Internet fraud and computer hacking from the most recent annual reports of the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada. | |
Information relating to Internet-based fraud, viruses and security warnings. | |
Details the SEC enforcement activities targeting Internet-based securities fraud | |
| Internet Crimes Affecting Consumers | Statement of Robert Litt before the Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism and Government Information, March 19 1997. |
| Unlawful conduct on the Internet | The Electronic Frontier: The Challenge Of Unlawful Conduct Involving The Use Of The Internet. A Report of the President's Working Group on Unlawful Conduct on the Internet, March 2000. |
A National Consumers League web site, which helps consumers distinguish between legitimate and fraudulent promotions on the Internet. This web page offers prevention advice, lists the latest Internet-based scams, and provides a On-line Incident Report Form to report Internet fraud in the United States or Canada. | |
| Communications Fraud Control Association | Official web site of the CFCA, a non- profit international educational association working to combat telecommunications fraud. Includes quarterly journal, fraud alerts, and handbook to prevent toll fraud. |
| Telecommunications Fraud Prevention Committee | The TFPC addresses issues involving fraud pertinent to the telecommunications industry. |
| United States Secret Service | The USSS is the lead federal agency for investigating a number of high-tech fraud issues, including access device fraud, computer fraud, and telecommunications fraud. This web site provides an overview of these frauds plus the responsibilities of the USSS. |
| Site | Description |
| World Crime: Major Organized Crime Operations | 1999 report by MSNBC on various contemporary transnational organized crime groups and activities. |
| International Crime Threat Assessment | Assessment of threat posed by international crime to Americans. |
| Issues in Global Crime | 1998 Report produced by the U.S. State Department, Bureau of Diplomatic Security |
A reports by the Canadian Security Intelligence Service on transnational crime including international "hot spots," emerging trends, and activities affecting Canada specifically. | |
| Transnational Crime Conference | This conference, which touched on a wide range of transnational crime issues, was organized by the Australian Institute of Criminology in 2000. Also see: Transnational and organised crime |
| Transnational Organized Crime: Summary of a Workshop | Summary of the findings of a 1998 workshop held to elicit ideas about the kind of knowledge needed to understand the phenomenon of transnational crime, with particular emphasis on whether it can be measured. |
| U.S. Department of State, Global Issues: Arresting Transnational Crime | A series of articles, commentary, and other resources on transnational crime and its enforcement, from an American perspective. |
| TOC Threat Assessment | Research paper draft by Fernando Reinares with Carlos Resa as part of fellowship grant by NATO |
1996 paper presented at the Woodrow Wilson School Policy Conference by Mora Stephens, examining global organized crime as a threat to national security. | |
The Threat from International Organized Crime and Global Terrorism | 1997 minutes of the Hearing before the Committee on International Relations House of Representatives. |
Organized Crime Enforcement (General)
| Site | Description |
Report prepared for the Canadian Transnational Crime Working Group by Stephen Schneider with Margaret Beare and Jeremy Hill. | |
| Cross Border Crime & Security: Canada-United States Cooperation | Information on how Canada and the U.S. tackle cross-border crime together. Includes background information, news releases and speeches, and links to partner agencies. |
| International Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime | Complete texts of the Convention, Protocols, four final instruments, and background information. |
Includes a number of reports examining organized crime and terrorism enforcement in the United States. See also: the Federation of American Scientists web site. | |
| Approaching organized crime: Where are we now and where are we going? | Paper written by Shona Morrison and published by the Australian Institute of Criminology summarizing current policy debates on organized crime. |
| Prevention of Organised Crime: A Situational Approach | A edited volume produced by the Dutch Ministry of Justice. |
| Towards a European Strategy to Prevent Organised Crime. | A report released in 2001 by the Commission of the European Communities and EUROPOL. |
| Transnational and organised crime | Links to a number of web sites on organized crime issues, including enforcement, broken down by region. Compiled by the Australian Institute of Criminology |
National Organized Crime Enforcement
Australia
| Agency | Description |
AUSTRAC is Australia's anti-money laundering regulator and specialist financial intelligence unit. | |
Provided by the Federation of American Scientists | |
Lead agency in combating organized smuggling in Australia. | |
Australia's national police agency, which replaced the National Crime Authority, the Australian Bureau of Criminal Intelligence and the Office of Strategic Crime Assessments. | |
| National Crime Authority and the Investigation of Fraud | 1991 paper by Gary Livermore describing the powers and functions of the NCA in general and in relation to fraud specifically. |
| Queensland Crime and Misconduct Commission | Official web site of state agency dedicated, in part, to combating organized crime. |
| Independent Commission Against Corruption | Agency that exposes and minimizes corruption in the New South Wales public sector by conducting investigations, and providing advice to the public and private sectors. |
| National Illicit Drugs Strategy | National strategy on drugs launched by the Commonwealth Government in 1997. |
| Civil Forfeiture in Australia | Links to various federal and state civil forfeiture legislation in Australia. |
Canada
| Agency | Description |
CISC coordinates criminal intelligence among Canadian law enforcement agencies in the fight against organized crime | |
| Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada | Includes a background on organized crime, national priorities and areas of concern, fact sheets, links to publication and news releases |
| Cross Border Crime & Security: Canada-United States Cooperation | Provides information on how Canada and the U.S. jointly tackle cross-border crime. |
Lead agency in Canada in combating organized crime. | |
Reference page for RCMP Federal Enforcement, including drug, commercial crime, immigration, smuggling, proceeds of crime, criminal intelligence and international policing. | |
| Combating Organized Crime in Canada (2000) | Overview of recommendations for increasing the effectiveness of enforcement in Canada by Sub-Committee on Organized Crime of the Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights. |
| Canada Customs Enforcement | Web site of the Canadian Border Services Agency's Enforcement Initiatives |
| Financial Transaction and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada | Official web site of federal financial intelligence agency responsible for deterring & detecting money laundering. |
| Organized Crime Agency of British Columbia | Official web site of the OCABC. |
| Combating Corruption in Canada | Overview of legislation, policies, and agencies dedicated to combating corruption in Canada, compiled by Transparency International Canada Inc. |
| Department of Justice | Web site includes a summary of federal initiatives against organized crime |
| Criminal Code of Canada | The complete Criminal Code of Canada [R.S. 1985, c. C-46] courtesy of Canadian Legal Institute of Canada. |
An Act to amend the Criminal Code (criminal organizations) and to amend other Acts in consequence | Federal legislation, assented to April 25 1997, specifically addressing offences relating to organized crime. |
| Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) Act | Federal legislation, assented to June 29 2000, mandating suspicious and cash reporting by the private sector. |
| Organized crime legislation in 2001 | Department of Justice backgrounder on 2001 amendments to the Criminal Code addressing organized crime. |
| An Act to amend the Criminal Code (organized crime and law enforcement) | Federal legislation amending the Criminal Code and other acts, specifically addressing organized crime (as passed by the House of Commons, June 13 2001). |
| R. v. Campbell, [1999] 1 S.C.R. 565 | Significant Supreme Court Decision affecting organized crime investigations in Canada (and addressed in 2001 legislation. |
| Significant Supreme Court Decision affecting organized crime prosecutions in Canada (disclosure of information to defence counsel). | |
| Illicit Drugs: The Federal Government's Role | Chapter 11 of the 2001 Auditor General's Report critiquing Canada's Drug Strategy and drug enforcement in general. |
| How Canadians perceive organized crime | Survey conducted by Canadian Press and Leger Marketing |
| Auditor General of Canada | Assessment of the Federal Government's drug control policies and enforcement, from a 2001 report. |
European Union
| Agency | Description |
Europol is the European multi-national law enforcement organization which strives to improve the effectiveness and co-operation of organized crime enforcement among Member States. | |
| On organized crime and police cooperation in the European Union. Lessons learned. | Interview with Professor Cyrille Fijnaut |
Germany
| Agency | Description |
Germany's federal police agency publishes an annual report on organized crime. | |
The central detective agency of Germany's customs service provides information on various types of smuggling. |
Hong Kong
| Agency | Description |
Hong Kong's agency dedicated to combating corruption. | |
| Hong Kong Police | Official web site of Hong Kong Police Service. |
Italy
| Agency | Description |
National enforcement agency dedicated to combating organized crime in Italy. |
United Kingdom
| Agency | Description |
The NCIS is responsible for developing and disseminating intelligence on serious and organized crime throughout the U.K. | |
Policy unit of the Home Office addressing organized crime. | |
Web site of the lead enforcement agency in combating smuggling into the United Kingdom. | |
| Life of Crime | BBC documentary series; Part 4 examines organized crime in the U.K. |
United States
| Agency/Division | Description | |
Provides centralized management for the Department's asset forfeiture program. | ||
Executive Office for the Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force (OCDETF) | This program provides a framework for federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies to work together to target narcotics trafficking organizations. | |
The Fraud Section is charged with directing the Federal law enforcement effort against fraud and white collar crime. | ||
Coordinates the Department's program to combat organized crime. | ||
Lead Federal narcotics enforcement agency. | ||
Independent and nonpartisan information about DEA, including news clippings, profile, trends, etc. | ||
Lead Federal law enforcement agency investigating various organized crime activities. | ||
Federal tax collection agency, includes an Organized Crime Division. | ||
Enforces the Federal laws and regulations relating to alcohol, tobacco, firearms, explosives and arson. | ||
Collects, analyzes, and disseminates information and coordinates enforcement actions against money laundering. | ||
| Customs & Border Protection | Formerly U.S. Customs and Immigration and Naturalization Service, now combined and located with the newly-created Department of Homeland Security | |
| United States Secret Service | Official web site of the USSS, which has lead federal responsibility for enforcement counterfeit currency and Nigerian organized crime. | |
| State Department, The Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs | The Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL) develops policies and programs to combat international narcotics and crime. | |
| Formulates and coordinates federal drug control policy and programs in the United States. | ||
The HIDTA Program provides Federal funds to enforcement agencies in designated areas in the United States which exhibit serious drug trafficking problems to help eliminate or reduce drug trafficking. | ||
The RISS Program is composed of six regional centers that share intelligence and coordinate efforts against criminal networks that operate across jurisdictional lines. Typical targets of RISS are drug trafficking, violent crime and gang activity, and organized criminal activities. | ||
Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, US Senate Committee on Government Affairs | Provides details on ongoing investigations into organized crime activities | |
International Enforcement
| Agency | Description | |
International agency coordinating multi-lateral sharing of information and intelligence. Includes an Organized Crime Branch. | ||
United Nations | ||
| International Drug Control Programme | The United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention, addresses the interrelated issues of drug control, crime prevention and international terrorism. | |
| Centre for International Crime Prevention (CICP) | The CICP is the United Nations office responsible for crime prevention, criminal justice, and criminal law reform. | |
| Tenth United Nations Congress On The Prevention Of Crime And The Treatment Of Offenders Vienna, Austria, 10 To 17 April 2000 | Latest edition of the United Nations congresses on the prevention of crime and the treatment of offenders | |
| United Nations Global Programme Against Money Laundering | Research and technical assistance program implemented by the Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention to increase the effectiveness of international action against money laundering through comprehensive technical cooperation services offered to Governments. | |
| International Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime | Complete texts of the Convention, Protocols, four final instruments, and background information. See also the Conference web site | |
| Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Air and Sea. | One of the four instruments accompanying the international convention against transnational organized crime. | |
Organization of American States. Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission. | Committee of the OAS dedicated to combating illicit drug production, drug trafficking, abuse and money laundering in the Hemisphere. | |
The WCO, an international association of national customs agencies, introduced its Action/Defis MOU program to provide a way in which Customs administrations could work with trade associations to combat international drug smuggling. | ||
The FATF was established by the G-7 in 1989 to examine measures to combat money laundering. The FATF issued a report containing 40 recommendations, which are designed to provide a comprehensive blueprint for action by national governments against money laundering. | ||
| International Association of Chiefs of Police | Includes an extensive number of links to information on the IACP, including conferences, training, research projects, legislative activities, professional assistance, committees, etc. | |
On-line Reporting of Crime
| Agency | Description |
| Crime Stoppers | Web site providing information and links to Crime Stoppers hotline organizations throughout the world. |
| Cybertipline | The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children operate a toll-free line and an Internet form to report sexual exploitation of Children, on and off the Internet. |
| Internet Fraud Complaint Center | The Federal Bureau of Investigation and the National White Collar Crime Center jointly operate the IFCC, which provides a mechanism for victims of Internet fraud to file a report through the Internet. |
| Internet Watch Foundation | This web site provides a web-based form for reports on child pornography and hate crimes in the United Kingdom. |
| National Fraud Information Center/Internet Fraud Watch | The National Consumers League provides a toll-free line and an On-line Incident Report Form to report telemarketing and Internet fraud in the United States and Canada. |
| Outlaw Biker Hotline | The Criminal Intelligence Service Canada operates a toll free-line where people can anonymously report outlaw biker activity. |
| PhoneBusters | The Ontario Provincial Police provide a toll-free line reports deceitful and illegal telemarketing operations. Calls can be made from anywhere in the United States or Canada. |
| National Check Fraud Center | Web site offering assistance, information, and alerts regarding counterfeit checks, forgery, check fraud, bank fraud and other forms of white collar crimes. Includes an on-line reporting mechanism. |
| Fraud-Report.org | A non-profit organization for consumers and law enforcement authorities including latest fraud alerts, fraud statistics, prevention tips, and on-line fraud reporting. |
| Reporting Economic Crime On-Line (RECOL) | The Canadian web-based service to report fraud through the Internet. |
Special Topics
The Nexus Between Organized Crime and Terrorism
| Site | Description |
| Organized Crime and Terrorism Watch (E-newsletter) | With a focus on the former USSR, Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Brought to you by Radio Free Europe |
| International Drug Trafficking and Terrorism | Asa Hutchinson, DEA Administrator Testimony Before the Senate Judiciary Committee Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism, and Government Information Washington, DC March 13, 2002. |
| Narco-Terrorism: International Drug Trafficking and Terrorism -- A Dangerous Mix | Deborah McCarthy, Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Afairs Hearing Before the Committee on the Judiciary United States Senate Washington, DC May 20, 2003 |
| Organized Crime, Terrorism, and Cybercrime | An article by Louise I. Shelley, Professor and Director, Transnational Crime and Corruption Center, American University, Washington, DC |
| Encryption And Evolving Technologies As Tools Of Organized Crime And Terrorism | Dorothy E. Denning Professor of Computer Sciences Georgetown University William E. Baugh, Jr. Vice President Science Applications International Corporation May 15, 1997. Also see: Dorothy Denning's Publications |